This course is designed to provide in-depth insights into advanced and emerging aspects of childhood immunization. It explores complex topics such as vaccine immunology in early infancy, the role of maternal antibodies, and the immune response of the newborn. The curriculum also covers combination vaccines and the simplification of immunization schedules, discussing their benefits and practical applications. Participants will gain an understanding of the epidemiology and global impact of vaccine-preventable diseases, including their re-emergence. The course details the vaccine development process from lab to patient and addresses challenges and opportunities in pediatric infectious diseases and vaccinations. Future trends like AI, digital tools, and personalized vaccinology are also explored, alongside global equity and access to vaccines.